The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden †English Essay

The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden – English Essay Free Online Research Papers The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden English Essay The social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; attempted to prove to early America that self and self-reliance can be found through nature. This required an ongoing process of removing themselves from society and the harmful effects of the masses in order to define the fundamental differences between a commerce driven society and goals of the transcendentalist movement. The Brook Farm Institute for Agriculture and Education was created by George Ripley in 1841. The Brook Farmers chose the name for their community as it referred to the way they chose to unite labor and culture and to the way that they chose to earn their living. The transcendentalist perceived farming to be the occupation most favorable to personal growth because of its distance from the market, proximity to nature, and a promise to protect moral independence. The Brook Farmers, unlike the member of the Fruitlands, did however sell their milk, vegetables, and hay and kept their stock dividends low in order to keep enough capital to expand production. Lane, Charles â€Å"Brook Farm.† The Dial, January 1844 The philosophy of Brook Farms sought to merge the values, ideas, and spiritual matters with physical events, the union of mind and body, spirit and flesh. At Brook Farm, and in other communities, physical labor is perceived as a condition of mental well-being and health. They believed that manual labor was uplifting, and thus, every member, even the writers and poets, spent at least a few hours a day in physical effort. This was another expression of the connection made by the flesh and spirit with nature through physical tasks performed at Brook Farm. The members of Brook Farm believed that they could create a utopian microcosm of society that would eventually serve as a model for all. Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer â€Å"Plan of the West Roxbury Community.† The Dial, January 1842. In June 1843, Bronson Alcott, along with Charles Lane, established the Fruitlands. This utopian community is located in the small town of Harvard, MA. Alcott became interested in communal living and was inspired to create such a community after meeting Lane during a teaching excursion to England in 1842. Although there were several communal living experiments in existence at the time that Alcott could have joined, he found them all unsatisfactory. For example, Alcott felt that Brook Farm, the most notable utopian community at the time, was not pure enough. Therefore, the members of Fruitlands, including a colorful group of people ranging from ex-convicts to nudists; were forbidden to eat meat or use any animal products including wool, honey, wax, and manure. Unfortunately, the community could not be sustained by human labor alone and the strict diet of fruits and grains left many members sick and malnourished. Often, Alcott and Lane would go on lecturing tours to promote the community, leaving the women and children to do all the manual labor. When Emerson visited the community in June of 1843, he prophetically stated, They look well in July. We shall see them in December. Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self† (1971). Although the members of Fruitlands never tried to produce more goods than they could use since they believed a surplus of material goods would inhibit spirituality, they ultimately could not produce enough. The community collapsed in January of 1844. During the spring 1845 through the summer 1847 Thoreau researched Walden, or Life in the Woods while living in a rude shack on banks of Walden Pond. The book begins as follows. â€Å"When I wrote the following pages, or rather the bulk of them, I lived alone, in the woods, a mile from any neighbor, in a house which I had built myself, on the shore of Walden Pond, in Concord, Massachusetts, and earned my living by the labor of my hands only. I lived there two years and two months. At present I am a sojourner in civilized life again. By opening the book in this manner Thoreau immediately brings the reader into his reality. There is no room for misunderstanding about the level of self reliance that Thoreau is speaking of with this piece. But if it seems that his opening statement is altogether too straightforward an introduction for a work thats held up as an American literary classic, remember: its precisely that simplicity at which Thoreau had originally sought after. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 In this masterpiece, Thoreau describes his retreat from the encroaching mess of civilization and outlines his philosophy of self-reliance. The greatest of his principles is simply that nature provides that which we naturally require and that man is owned by his possessions. The human spirit has been polluted by an economic machine that only enslaves the more the individual buys in. The idea of choice is non-existent from most individual’s minds because their focus is purely on surviving in a world that bombards them with choices that only appear to be free. Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self† (1971). When Thoreaus two years at Walden had ended, he left with no regrets: I left the woods for as good a reason as why I went there. Perhaps it seemed to me that I had several more lives to live, and could not spare any more time for that one. His experiment had been a success. He had learned many lessons, had taken time to examine his inner self and his world, and bad proved he could live under the simplest conditions and still be fulfilled: I learned this, at least, by my experiment; that as one advances confidently in the direction of his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which he has imagined, he will meet with a success unexpected in common hours.† Because of such social experiments like Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden readers get a first hand look at a complex study comprising the human minds attempt to discover both the obvious and obscure behind mans existence and his place in the natural world. What seems to be the most important underlying theme is that this is an ongoing process of self examination. These various extreme attempts at dropping out of society in an effort reclaim self through self reliance define the fundamental differences between a commerce driven society and goals of the transcendentalist movement. Student Name Final Paper Thesis and Annotated Bibliography Final Essay Prompt: Describe the way the concepts of the self and self-reliance develop and find expression in colonial and early American literature. Identify those specific figures or works that you see as significant and explain their contributions. Thesis: The social experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden; proved to early American authors that self-reliance could of be found through nature and a ongoing process of removing themselves from society and the harmful effects of the masses. Annotated Bibliography Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self: Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman.† (1971) Bridges assists the reader to outline Emerson’s, Thoreau’s, and Whitman’s, dream of America as a place of self-fulfillment and self reliance through various examples of their work. This is very interesting material that I will use to assist in creating my own ideas and thoughts on self-reliance during the early American period. I’ll will probably use work cited by these authors throughout my paper to give example of my conclusions. Bauerlein, Mark. â€Å"The Pragmatic Mind: Explorations in the Psychology of Belief.† Durham: Duke UP, 1997. The Pragmatic Mind is a study of the pragmatism of Emerson, James, and Peirce. I plan to use information from this book to help understand the broad social and academic changes that resulted because of these authors. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 This article gives insight into self-reliance and self-deception as they relate to Emerson’s works. I can use this article to discuss the intent of Emerson and other early American authors about works relating to self and self-reliance. Work Cited Page Bridges, William E. â€Å"Spokesmen for the Self: Emerson, Thoreau, Whitman.† (1971) Bauerlein, Mark. â€Å"The Pragmatic Mind: Explorations in the Psychology of Belief.† Durham: Duke UP, 1997. Harris, Kenneth M. Emersonian Self-Reliance and Self-Deception Theory. Philosophy and Literature 15.2 (Oct. 1991): 286-94 Lane, Charles â€Å"Brook Farm.† The Dial, January 1844 Peabody, Elizabeth Palmer â€Å"Plan of the West Roxbury Community.† The Dial, January 1842. Thoreau, Henry David â€Å"Walden, or Life in the Woods.† (1854) Research Papers on The Social Experiments of Brook Farm, Fruitlands, and Walden - English EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceGenetic EngineeringAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaDefinition of Export QuotasPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyQuebec and CanadaHip-Hop is ArtCapital Punishment

Financing Cycle Essay Example

Financing Cycle Essay Example Financing Cycle Essay Financing Cycle Essay Monica Douglas-Edwards 3. Financing Cycle (2 pages) Answer the following questions. _ How can you create and maintain the chart of accounts? If your company is already using Peachtree Accounting for daily activity, beginning balances may only be entered in the prior fiscal year. General Ledger beginning balances are entered through Maintain, Chart of Accounts. Before General Ledger beginning balances are entered, do the following: Verify that the Chart of Accounts contains the equity account â€Å"Equity–Retained Earnings. Determine the correct period(s) in which to enter beginning balances. Determine the correct beginning balance amounts. Verify that the beginning balance amounts have an equal number of debits and credits. Verify That Your Chart of Accounts Contains the Equity Account â€Å"Equity – Retained Earnings† Before Peachtree can save beginning balance amounts, an account with a type of Equity – Retained Earnings should have been set up in your Chart of Accounts. If you do not see this account listed, add that account now through Maintain, Chart of Accounts. Determining the Correct Period in Which to Enter Beginning Balances The correct period in which to enter beginning balances depends on what type of financial statement you want to generate: If you want a comparative Balance Sheet for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the first period that you wish to have balances, then for each period thereafter enter the period debit/credit change up to the current period.. If you want a comparative Income Statement for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the first period that you wish to have balances, then for each period thereafter enter the period debit/credit change up to the current period. If you want a Statement of Cash Flow for only the current fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the last period of the prior fiscal year. If you want a comparative Statement of Cash Flow for the current fiscal year and the last fiscal year, then enter beginning balances for the last period of the year prior to the last fiscal year. : This is the accounting period that is identified as prior to the previous year (e. g. , â€Å"Before 1/1/2003†) in the Beginning Balance Select Period window. These reports will be titled differently for non-profit organizations. Determining the Correct Beginning Balance Amounts For your financial statements and reports to be accurate, beginning balance amounts must be correct. To help you verify beginning balance amounts, you can use the Trial Balance report or Balance Sheet from your previous accounting system. These reports are discussed in detail below. Note: If you do not have either of these reports, please contact your accountant for procedures on how to calculate beginning balances. ) If you start entering beginning balances in Peachtree during the current fiscal year, AND you do NOT need monthly transaction history for comparative financial statements, then use the numbers from a Trial Balance report dated the last day of the month previous to the month transactions w ill be posted in Peachtree. For example, if a company begins using Peachtree Accounting July 1, 2005, then the beginning balances should be entered in July, using the Trial Balance of June 30, 2005. Understanding General Ledger Beginning Balances, 2010) _ How can you post journal entries? 1. In Peachtree, go to Tasks, System and change your accounting period to the first accounting period of the current tax year. 2. Open FAS for Peachtree by either going to Tasks, Fixed Assets within Peachtree or by clicking the FAS icon located on your desktop. 3. Make all necessary additions, changes, and dispositions of assets you have set up. 4. Go to File, Edit Company. On the Book Defaults page, verify that the Fiscal Year-End is accurate. 5. To calculate depreciation, go to Depreciation, Depreciate and choose the Group, Book, and month you will be depreciating through and choose Execute. Review the depreciation amounts for accuracy. 6. Once you have calculated depreciation, you can now post. Go to Depreciate, Post Depreciation. Select the appropriate Group, Book, Period Posting Date and Journal Entry Date. Click the Preview button to preview the journal entries. After reviewing the information, click the Post button to post the journal entries to Peachtree. (Financial Year-End Checklist) _ What are the key financial statements that are available? Describe them. What are some key reports one can generate to measure the firm’s financial performance? Section III: Reporting (minimum 3 pages) Describe how Peachtree Complete Accounting produces information that can be used to manage the business. Identify and describe at least three key reports for each of the cycles the revenue, expenditure and financing cycles for a total of nine reports. You should describe how the report is used, and why it is important in this section. Do not include any screen shots of your reports in this section. You will include one sample report for each of the transaction cycles in the Appendix – see below. Section IV: Your Evaluation of the Software and Final Thoughts (minimum 2 pages) Your evaluation of Peachtree Complete Accounting will be based upon your experience. You will use screen prints to support your evaluation. You will include the screen prints in an Appendix. They are not part of the required 7-10 written pages. Also, include your final thoughts regarding the application you selected here. Include such things as ease of use, in what size of business it would be best used, etc. Appendix _ In the section, include three sample reports – one from each of the three accounting cycles. _ References as needed at the end of the report.

CRJ 422 Week 1 discussions 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ 422 Week 1 discussions 1 and 2 - Essay Example Analysis of the traditional cultural versus the interpersonal interest conflict from the angle of social justice, it is important to understand the implication of same-sex marriage to the society that is opposed to the arrangement. Equally, it would be significant to understand the implication of prohibiting same-sex marriage as it will lead to infringing the rights of the minority in the society. In the approach of social justice, Therefore, the main question in the application of the law is whether it is just to protect the minority in the community or to safeguard the rights of the majority in the community. The constitution of the United States through the chapter on the bill of rights stipulates the rights freedoms and privileges that are enjoyed by the American citizens. Nevertheless, in as much as the citizens have their rights stipulated in the Constitution, which is the principle law of the country, the rights at some point, could be seen to interfere with the free operations of the criminal justice system. The fourth, fifth, sixth and eighth amendments of the constitutions are particularly of concern to the criminal justice. Individuals are protected from unreasonable search and seizure of property unless with warrant for a probable cause according to the fourth amendment. This amendment may hinder the operation of criminal justice. An example when the police suspect that evidence of robbery are hidden in a particular location and could be relocated any time, it would take the police time to process the warrant which might be ready after the relocation. In the Fifth Amendment, individuals are protected from self-incriminating and double jeopardy. This amendment prevents the criminal justice from benefiting from the evidence that a criminal may be willing to present (Deborah, 2013). The sixth amendment requires individual proceeds in a court to